Friday, August 28, 2020
Essay Writer
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Wednesday, August 26, 2020
On Writing
On Writing Your paper may evolve, so keep it fluid, however do bear in mind to remain centered in your thesis assertion and proving your points. Organize first and use your sources as they turn out to be related. Explain the aim of your paper and how you plan to method the subject. That is why you can profit a lot from getting a piece of their knowledge and amazing expertise. As youâre writing, keep in mind that your outline isnât meant to be a prisonâ"itâs a guideline to keep you on observe. Youâre not trying to break new ground in your discipline or redefine the way we use the English language (in case you are, then you definitely donât need to learn this article). Ever since I realized the traditional technique of outlining papers in 8th grade, I felt the system was damaged. This tip isnât strictly part of the paper writing process, however it can make an enormous distinction in your writing speed and quality. After all, how can you conclude when you havenât even finished writing? If you need more recommendation on the specifics of writing solid conclusions, check out my publish on the way to write a paper. Also, take note of the readings your professor assigns for the class. This ought to provide you with some thought of the academic conventions you must comply with in your papers. Each paper you write shouldn't feel like reinventing the wheel. Your objective when writing a paper for a school class is to satisfy the project necessities in a method that goes simply above and past sufficient to impress the professor. Without it, your paper will lack focus and also youâll spend rather more time in the revision process trying to make sense of your jumbled thoughts. There are two phrases that evoke immediate nervousness in almost every academicâ"analysis paper. In this article, weâll break down the steps to writing a research paper. Become certainly one of them - enable us that will help you out with that tricky research paper. Order from a professional paper writing service - follow the recipe for success. (Is this a factual report? An analysis? A persuasive piece?) Describe how youâve organized your approach to the topic. Conclude the introductory paragraph with your thesis statement. Hereâs the place you current the background and context for the remainder of your article. Craft a strong opening sentence that will have interaction the reader. Itâs easy to undergo an article and focus so much on the information that you just ignore the structure (which is an efficient factorâ"the structure shouldnât distract you). But should you spend a pair reading sessions listening to construction, youâll get a feel for how it should go. Just since youâre writing an educational analysis paper doesnât imply you need to be dry and boring. Now youâre ready to start the process of organizing your presentation . Donât skip the group stepâ"itâs crucial to your paperâs success. If there are some difficulties, you possibly can always turn to our money-back guarantee. The remuneration of our writers is excessive sufficient for them to stay loyal to our firm. I never created an overview with bullets and numbers and letters before writing the paper. I all the time simply made one up afterwards as a result of I was requiredto flip one in with the final paper.
Sunday, August 2, 2020
Happy Belated Hearts Day
Happy Belated Hearts Day Like Anna H. â14 blogged a while ago, as my time has gotten more precious Iâve stripped away hobbies and for-fun activities and learned what I can and cannot leave behind. Iâve realized over the past year that some of the things that seem the most puntable are the things that make me me, have always made me me. One of my New Yearâs resolutions has been to reconnect with the good parts of the person I was before MIT and reestablish some continuity of selfâ"to read, to go for walks, to look people in the eye and put down electronics when we talk, to go to bed and get up at the same time and have breakfast every day. Some things are still missingâ"skiing and then ???????? for dinner, forests and rivers and mountains, stars and quiet nightsâ"but Iâm trying to build what I can build from a distance. Hereâs one of the stories my parents tell about the person I was as a child. We had just moved to the United States. I had just learned English, and I had absorbed the consumerist ideal of an American Christmas in my American preschool (in the Soviet Union, Christmas was absolved of parties and presents and replaced with New Yearâs). I was indignant at the lack of a consumerist Christmas in my newly American familyâs home, so I directed my parents through what I had learned to be the appropriate motions: the purchase of the tree and the presents, the wrapping of the presents, the inviting of all my Russian friends and their confused Russian parents. Iâm very attached to some material traditions, like lights and wrapped presents at Christmas and New Yearâs and Old Russian Christmas and Old Russian New Yearâs, candles on Hanukkah, candy and costumes on Halloween, and cards on Valentineâs. Itâs not that traditions disappear in college, but theyâre up to you and the peo ple around you to keep them going, which is hard when youâre focused on keeping yourself going. Valentineâs Day was awesome. Boston has been snowing sideways and up. Over the past week the view from my room has looked like this: And hereâs Killian, on campus (the snow is entire-leg deep on some parts of the lawn): Another one of our (mine with Coryâs support) New Yearâs resolutions has been to eat healthier food that costs less money, with a weekly exception on Sundays to blunt the approaching week. For Valentineâs Day we moved our cheat day to Saturday and had clam chowder (which is apparently a very Boston food) and Lady Grey tea and maple walnut muffins. I wanted to give my friends Valentineâs Day cards, but the ones we used to give out in elementary school are apparently (now that itâs my money) really expensive, especially since my class isnât sized 30 people like it used to be and apparently scratch and sniff is trendy. A few evenings ago I drew a card, digitized it, and printed it out in bulk. Then I cut out heart stickers and glued them on so they could be reused, because thatâs the kind of thing I would have liked as a kid. Some reflections: My left wrist hurt like crazy from folding. Writing physical notes is really fun. Stamps and envelopes are really fun. Glue tastes kind of sweet. I think I missed an important memo. Amazingly, one glue stick was enough for everything. I had a wonderful day copy/pasting in the physical world. Hopefully next up is a charcoal sketching kit and book my mom gave me for Christmas (which a young girl who seemed about the age of my inner self complimented me on at the airport, so I know itâs awesome). Cory and I delivered the on-campus ones just after dark, which because of the snow was still light, large snowflakes floating down around us, snow several feet deep, with piles of it taller than us on the edges of the sidewalk, squirrel tracks on the surface of the snow, bunnies probably thinking theyâre camouflaged in the skeletons of the bushes, snow mobiles circling like predators. It was the most lovely walk. Hereâs the card I mailed home to Pennsylvania, and the other 120-something in the whole group: Since Valentineâs Day was on a Saturday you could plausibly still celebrate it today (or even Tuesday, if you donât have school today). My little brother, who is small but not very small, reports that he only heard the phrase Valentineâs Day twice in school on Friday, that both times were during homeroom announcements, and that there werenât cards or candy, which is suboptimal. If you want to use my cows to wish some of your friends a happy belated Hearts Day this week, especially if youâre a grownup or otherwise not in elementary school, you can download them as a pdf here (or make your own if you have time). Print them out. Fold hamburger, then perpendicular to hamburger. Cut out and glue a heart sticker as a balloon for the top left cow on the inside (or just draw or color a heart (or tape a wrapped candy or chocolate if youâre really awesome)). Thatâs all. Go spread cheer. Happy belated Hearts Day!
Saturday, May 23, 2020
Essay about Prospera, Thy Role Is Woman - 972 Words
William Shakespeare, in his play, The Tempest, tells the story of a fictional exiled Duke of Milan. In the original play, Shakespeare casts the duke as a man, Prospero. In a modern movie version of the play, writer and director Julie Taymor casts the duke as a woman, Prospera powerfully portrayed by the very convincing performance of Helen Mirren. The play, surprisingly, requires only a few very minor line changes to substitute a woman lead for the original male role. While the actual dialogue changes are minor, the impact to the play is substantial as it totally transforms the duke and an audienceââ¬â¢s prospective of the character. With very few exceptions, having a woman as the Duke of Milan in Shakespeareââ¬â¢s The Tempest, makes the duke moreâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The first examples can be seen in Prosperaââ¬â¢s ouster and exile starting with how apparently easily Prospera was usurped. It is clear Prospera had the support of her people when she tells Miranda, â â¬Å"so dear the love my people bore meâ⬠(Shakespeare 1.2.141). If the duke had the support of the people and magical arts to manipulate people and events, it seems unlikely a rightful ruler could so easily be usurped, but it becomes more plausible in Taymorââ¬â¢s version where the position was only assumed by Prospera upon her husbandââ¬â¢s death. Given it was not originally her position to begin with and the predominant acceptance of male leaders at that time, it is much more realistic that a woman could be usurped by her brother. Similarly, the fact that Prospera was not killed outright and that she was aided by Gonzalo also becomes more believable with the duke being a woman. To kill an ousted rival would seem of little consequence at the time if that rival were a man, but it takes on a much less noble air if that rival is a woman, and Gonzaloââ¬â¢s actions to aid Prospera defying Antonio and the king become more believable as it is not only an act of kindness, bu t also a chivalrous act. In addition to Prosperaââ¬â¢s ouster and exile, other examples of where having a feminine duke is more believable can be seen by her actions on the island. One of the first is Prosperaââ¬â¢s treatment of Caliban. AfterShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s The Tempest And Julie Taymor s Film Version Of The Play1424 Words à |à 6 Pagescontract to the play, the film plot is the same however the audiences sees Prospera casted the magic when she was in her cave. She was casting magic with these science experiment jars and dropped a black feather into the jar to make Ariel visible to be seen by others as he is an air spirit that are only seen by Prospera and appeared in front of Alonso, Antonio, Sebastian and Gonzalo. This scene gives the peak of Prospera s arrangement. The audience saw what kind of harpy that he appeared as. Prosperaââ¬â¢sRead MoreThe Tempest Adaptations and Transformations2100 Words à |à 9 Pagesheightened by makeup, camera angles, casting, costuming and t he performances of the actors themselves. Taymor uses these visual techniques of film to her advantage, even adding in an extra scene at the end of the film. The transformation of Prospero into Prospera affects the way the reader views the judgement, treatment and release of Caliban. The parent-child relationship is also altered by the gender change, as is the protagonistââ¬â¢s interaction of Ariel. Taymor uses the sex transformation, the differenceRead MoreJulie Taymoreà ´s Film Interpretation of The Tempest by William Shakespeare1459 Words à |à 6 Pagesmakes out. But does the role become weak now that its being playing played by a female? Or a thought that crossed my mind when Shakespeare was neither working writing this play did he consider whither nor not Prospero should have been Prospera? Another important ques-tion, does the ending of the play leave a lot of unanswered questions? During the Renaissance era when Shakespeare did his many of his writings and even in his plays males would play both the male and female roles. This brings up the question
Sunday, May 10, 2020
The Things They Carried Vietnam War Novel - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 665 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/07 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Things They Carried Essay Vietnam War Essay Did you like this example? The author of this novel, OBrien recounts his experiences from the Vietnam war. Joining the war was a battle in itself for OBrien, as after receiving his draft notice in June of 1968, he almost fled because he was so opposed to the war itself. OBrien describes himself as too good for this war, too smart, too compassionate. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Things They Carried Vietnam War Novel" essay for you Create order This was an later realized flaw of the Vietnam war, lasting roughly 20 years, that of its questionable purpose. One of the main issues raised in this personal perspective novel is the act of peer pressure and embarrassment regarding the war. This is shown best in this quote from OBrien near the start of the book They carried the soldiers greatest fear, which was the fear of blushing. Men killed, and died, because they were embarrassed not to. It was what had brought them to the war in the first place, nothing positive, no dreams of glory or honor, just to avoid the blush of dishonor. They died so as not to die of embarrassment. Within this chapter of the book, OBrien explains the emotional baggage that the soldiers carry, whilst risking their lives for their country. OBrien suggests that a barely hidden coward is common within the soldiers. He explores the idea that men go to war not to be heroes for their country, but to avoid embarrassment. They are almost forced, due to the cowar dly stereotype that accompanies not enlisting. These ideas are further strengthened early in the novel, within a particularly prominent chapter On The Rainy River, OBrien has fled his hometown and made it to a lodge just before the Canadian border. Here he resides for 6 days in total, doing odd jobs for the owner of the lodge, Elroy. On the last day Elroy takes OBrien to the border of Canada on a fishing trip and lets OBrien silently decide whether he stays or goes. OBriens inner turmoil is finalized by this quote. In my head I could hear people screaming at me, traitor, turncoat and pussy. He voices that the only thing that stopped him from fleeing the war, was the thought that the people from home would think of him as a coward, ignoring his moral conscience to dodge the patriotic ridicule. Further on in the novel, OBrien eventually kills a Vietnamese soldier. He seeks the help of his fellow soldiers, especially Kiowa, who helps him rationalize this act by saying no sweat man, what else could you do. By highlighting the normalc y of his action with a casual tone, Kiowa is implying that killing is the right thing to do. OBrien uses this rationalization to suggest that the soldiers commit acts of murder mostly in a simple reaction to peer pressure, therefore alluding to the fact that their greatest fear is not that of taking a life, but of embarrassment. I can relate to OBriens perspective personally, as there are many instanced in life where I have felt pressured into undertaking social norms so to avoid feeling outcast. One major example that I have most recently fallen victim to, is the act of attending college. In my home country of England, work placements and apprenticeships are just as viable and popular options to graduating young adults. However here in America I have felt such a large pressure from society to not only get into college, but a well respected, higher level name such as UCLA or Berkley. Often people use this as a platform for judgement, evoking feelings of shame and embarrassment for those such as myself who in fact could not attend such schools. The shame may pass but the guilt goes deeper, making it a much harder feeling to shake. Many feel that this is the only way to attain respect from employers and colleagues, which is a completely unfair assumption as one may hold great potential but have chosen a differ ent or more financially convenient path in life- therefore being subject to bias and a negative social subconscious.
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Lexical Semantics Hyponyny Networks Free Essays
Question 2 Not all dictionary definitions contain classifiers, but many do, and in some cases when you look up the classifier itself, you find another even more general classifier within its definition. For example, you might like to think about the following definitions from the Collins English Dictionary. Colostrum is the thin milky secretion from the nipples that precedes and follows true lactation. We will write a custom essay sample on Lexical Semantics: Hyponyny Networks or any similar topic only for you Order Now It consists largely of serum and white blood cells. A secretion is a substance that is released from a cell, especially a glandular cell, and is synthesized in the cell from simple substances extracted from the blood or similar fluid. Substance is (1) the tangible basic matter of which a thing consists; or (2) a specific type of matter, especially a homogeneous material with definite or fairly definite chemical composition. Matter is (1) that which makes up something, especially a physical object; material. What are the classifiers in these definitions? (Why is this question hard to answer? Can you change the definition to make it easier? ) Draw a diagram to show the hyponymy chain you found in (a), with hyponyms shown below their classifiers. Can you think of any additional levels that you can put in the hyponymy chain above secretion? Add them. Sebum and saliva are co-hyponyms of colostrum. Add them to the diagram, along with two co-hyponyms for each level of the chain. Add distinguishers to your diagram, to differentiate each of the co-hyponyms you have added. On an intuitive level it would seem a simple task to select the different classifiers within each of the above definitions however, several problems arise which belie this. Colostrum is the easiest to deal with as it is the most specific of the four terms, although there is still potential for an error to be made. The only classifier in this description is ââ¬Ësecretionââ¬â¢ as, according to Hudson (1995: 26) ââ¬Å"the classifier â⬠¦ is the first common noun that follows isâ⬠[1]. Although this syntactic relationship is useful as a method of identification, it is not the reason ââ¬Ësecretionââ¬â¢ is a classifier of ââ¬Ëcolostrumââ¬â¢. Syntactic relationships exist between lexemes, not senses, and are governed by the relationships between senses, thus it is the latter that hyponymic networks represent. The classifier (C) is the concept that is superordinate to the ense in question (S1) in that S1 must possess enough characteristics of the classifier to make it a type of that concept, even if not a typical one, as well as distinguishers that serve to differentiate it from the classifier and any other co-hyponyms. More simply, S1 is a hyponym of C iff all S1 are a type of C, but not all C are S1 (op cit. 16). Furthermore, classifiers for common nouns will always capture what S1 is, not how or why it is. In the case of ââ¬Ëcolostrumââ¬â¢ only ââ¬Ësecretionââ¬â¢ performs this function: we can say that colostrum is a type of secretion. It is important, however, to refine the concept of ââ¬Ëwhat it isââ¬â¢: if this is taken to include a material concept as well as a typical one, i. e. , what it is made up of or consists of, there is more scope for what can be considered a classifier. Under this description both ââ¬Ëserumââ¬â¢ and white blood cellââ¬â¢ can be considered as classifiers of ââ¬Ëcolostrumââ¬â¢. This does not seem to be correct though, as ââ¬Ëcolostrumââ¬â¢ is not a type of serum or white blood cell, nor does it possess enough of the characteristics of either to qualify as a hyponym. Therefore, in such cases we can eliminate concepts about the material of which a referent of the given sense consists as candidates for classifiers. Having established the criteria for identifying classifiers it should now be easier to identify those for the remaining senses however, there are further difficulties. It is safe to say that ââ¬Ësubstanceââ¬â¢ is the classifier of ââ¬Ësecretionââ¬â¢ according to the above rule but the use of ââ¬Ësubstanceââ¬â¢ twice in the definition provides potential for confusion: according to the definition for ââ¬Ësecretionââ¬â¢ above we can make the following statement: (A) a secretion is a substance1 made up of substances2. The difficulty seems to lie in SUBSTANCE being polysemic (Palmer 1981: 100), a fact apparently proven by its having two definitions. This implies that SUBSTANCE1 represents one of the given senses of ââ¬Ësubstanceââ¬â¢ whilst SUBSTANCE2 represents the other, but neither fits with sense (1) as both are a specific type of matter. Therefore, both must be the concept in sense (2) but if SUBSTANCE1 and SUBSTANCE2 do have the same sense statement (A) has no useful meaning, for it to do so SUBSTANCE requires an additional sense. The solution is provided in the definition of ââ¬Ësecretionââ¬â¢: SUBSTANCE1 is istinguished from SUBSTANCE2 by the addition of ââ¬Ësimpleââ¬â¢ to the latter. In this way it can be seen that SUBSTANCE1 refers to sense (2) whereas SUBSTANCE2 refers to a different sense that is related to, but more specific than (2). To avoid such confusion replacing SUBSTANCE2 with a different lexeme could prove useful, e. g. , COMPOUND, although this is not necessa ry so long as we understand that SUBSTANCE is polysemic and we know which sense each refers to. As ââ¬Ësubstance1ââ¬â¢ has the sense (2) in the definition we shall refer to it as ââ¬Ësubstance (2)ââ¬â¢ and it is this sense that is the classifier for ââ¬Ësecretionââ¬â¢. The definition provided for ââ¬Ësubstance (2)ââ¬â¢ makes identifying the classifier here straightforward as it begins by telling us that it is a ââ¬Å"specific type of matterâ⬠(my emphasis), which is the central criteria for hyponymy. So given that ââ¬Ëmatterââ¬â¢ is the classifier for ââ¬Ësubstance (2)ââ¬â¢ we can now find the next classifier in the chain. It could be assumed that the brevity of the definition makes this task even more simple however, the definition is a ââ¬Å"consists ofâ⬠statement which rules out any concepts it contains as a classifier. It is thus the case that not all concepts have a superordinate concept. As such we can say that ââ¬Ëmatterââ¬â¢ sits at the top of the hyponymy chain and is the broadest sense of ââ¬Ëcolostrumââ¬â¢. Given this information we can now represent all of the relationships above in the following diagram: Fig. 1) Initial hyponymy chain for colostrum. This chain is based solely on the definitions given above however, the claim can be made that this diagram does not contain a complete set of classifiers for ââ¬Ëcolostrumââ¬â¢. There are facts about ââ¬Ësecretionââ¬â¢ that are not contained in ââ¬Ësubstance (2)ââ¬â¢ but that cannot be considered as unique to it, in particular those about its relationship with organisms and organic matter. This claim is based on the fact, as given in the definition, that ââ¬Ësecretionââ¬â¢ is a substance particular to cells, which are the constituent parts of an organism. All of this information is unrepresented within the chain as it is because the relationship ââ¬Ësecretionââ¬â¢ has with ââ¬Ëcellââ¬â¢ is not due to a shared nature or type. When the hyponymy test is applied the mismatch is more evident: ! a secretion is a type of cell. This does not deny that the two are related however, only that they are not the same kind of thing, so instead n alternative way must be found of including and representing this relationship. As ââ¬Ëcellââ¬â¢ is the missing concept there must be some sense it shares with ââ¬Ësecretionââ¬â¢. According to my definition of ââ¬Ëcellââ¬â¢ many together make up an organism and because any substance that is a ââ¬Ësecretionââ¬â¢ is the product of a cell, it can also be considered the product of an organism. We can go a step further and state that both are types of substance particular to organisms, which allows the statement a ââ¬Ësecretionââ¬â¢ is a ââ¬Ësubstance particular to organismsââ¬â¢. This can be further refined when the concepts ââ¬Ëglandularââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëbloodââ¬â¢ are considered as these relate specifically to ââ¬Ëbodyââ¬â¢, not just to any organism in general. We can thus replace ââ¬Ëorganismââ¬â¢ and instead state that a ââ¬Ësecretionââ¬â¢ is a ââ¬Ësubstance particular to a bodyââ¬â¢ or, more concisely, it is a ââ¬Ëbodily substanceââ¬â¢. A second gap exists between ââ¬Ëbodily substanceââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ësubstanceââ¬â¢ for the same reason as above: arguably, a ââ¬Ëbodily substanceââ¬â¢ has characteristics shared with other types of particular substance that together constitute a more general type of substance. As mentioned above ââ¬Ëorganismââ¬â¢ bears a relation to ââ¬Ëorganic materialââ¬â¢ in that all of the substances of which an organism is composed are organic. Given that a body is a kind of organism any bodily substance must also be organic but not all organic material is of the body hence, ââ¬Ëorganic materialââ¬â¢ is a classifier of ââ¬Ëbodily substanceââ¬â¢. These new facts can be added to Fig. 1) to provide a more complete sense network: Fig. 2) Full hyponymy chain for ââ¬Ëcolostrumââ¬â¢. When considering potential co-hyponyms there are two criteria that must be met: the co-hyponyms must share most if not all of the sense of the shared classifier but they must be differentiated by at least one distinguisher (Hudson 1995: 27). Each of the co-hyponyms in Fig. 3) meets these criteria but this does not mean to imply it is a simple task. Take ââ¬Ëmatterââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ësubstance (1)ââ¬â¢: the two could initially be considered to be co-hyponyms. This, however, is not the case. Essentially, the definitions for ââ¬Ësubstance1ââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëmatterââ¬â¢ are the same: we could give a definition of matter s ââ¬Ëthat of which a thing consistsââ¬â¢ because CONSISTS OF and MAKES UP have the same sense. Nor does there appear to be any fact about either concept that serves to differentiate them so we must accept that rather than ââ¬Ëmatterââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ësubstance (1)ââ¬â¢ bearing a hyponymic relationship they are actually synonyms. As such, SUBSTAN CE (1) is nothing more than an alternative lexeme that can be used to represent ââ¬Ëmatterââ¬â¢ and so can be omitted from the network. Fig. 3) shows that although many of the co-hyponyms do not bear a direct relation to ââ¬Ëcolostrumââ¬â¢ they are part of a conceptual network that illustrates how senses are related. It also displays the fact that the further up the chain a concept is the broader is the range of its hyponyms because the sense becomes more generalised at each level. Furthermore, it also shows how concepts can share multiple classifiers and hyponyms. Fig. 3) Hyponymy network for ââ¬Ëcolostrumââ¬â¢. Distinguishers can be concise or generalised providing they serve as differentiators between the senses. When selecting appropriate facts to include the notion of prototypes should be accounted for in that any potential distinguisher should ideally describe a prototypical referent of the given sense (op. it. 20). Take ââ¬Ëglandularââ¬â¢ it appears in the definition of ââ¬Ësecretionââ¬â¢ but it has been omitted from the network. This is because it is not a prototypical characteristic in that not even the majority of secretions are from glandular cells, it is only provided as an example of the kind of cell involved. A further difficulty in selecting distinguishers is deci ding what kind of information to include. Definitive information serve to provide the minimum data needed to clarify a concept whilst encyclopaedic information attempts to provide all of the facts about a concept. The danger with the latter is that information may be included that does not serve to differentiate that concept from another. I would argue that both kinds of information should be included provided that each fact is part of the sense it iff that fact is relevant to the function of differentiation. Fig. 4) includes information of both kinds and, although I have removed the referent and lexeme classifier for the sake of clarity, it can be considered as the most complete network of senses that relate to colostrumââ¬â¢. Fig. 4) Complete hyponymy network for ââ¬Ëcolostrumââ¬â¢. Bibliography Hudson, R. (1995). Word Meaning. Padstow: Routledge. Palmer, F. R. (1981). Semantics. Bath: Cambridge University Press. Stevenson, A. (ed. ) (2007). Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (6th edition). Italy: Oxford University Press. Word Count 1693 not including diagrams. 1799 with diagrams ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â [1]I have used ââ¬Å" ââ¬Å" for quota tions rather than ââ¬Ë ââ¬Ë to prevent confusion between quotes and senses. How to cite Lexical Semantics: Hyponyny Networks, Papers
Thursday, April 30, 2020
The Discovery Of The Electron Essay Example For Students
The Discovery Of The Electron Essay The Discovery Of The ElectronThe electron was discovered in 1895 by J.J. Thomson in the form ofcathode rays, and was the first elementary particle to be identified. Theelectron is the lightest known particle which possesses an electric charge. Itsrest mass is Me approximately equal 9.1 x 10 -28 g, about 1/1836 of the massof the proton or neutron. The charge of the electron is -e = -4.8 x 10^-10 esu elec trostaticunit). The sign of the electrons charge is negative by convention, and that ofthe equally charged proton is positive. This is somewhat a unfortunateconvention, because the flow of electrons in a conductor is opposite to theconventional direc tion of the current. The most accurate direct measurement of e is the oil drop experimentconducted by R.A. Milikan in 1909. In this experiment, the charges of dropletsof oil in air are measured by finding the electric field which balances eachdrop against its weight. The weight of each drop is determined by observing itsrate of free fall through the air, and using Stokes formula for the viscousdrag on a slowly moving sphere. The charges thus measured are integral multiplesof e. We will write a custom essay on The Discovery Of The Electron specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Electrons are emitted in radioactivity as beta rays and in many otherdecay processes. The electron itself is completely stable. Electrons contributethe bulk to ordinary matter; the volume of an atom is nearly all occupied by thecloud of elec trons surrounding the nucleus, which occupies only about 10^-13 ofthe atoms volume. The chemical properties of ordinary matter are determined bythe electron cloud. The electron obeys the Fermi-Dirac statistics, and for this reason isoften called a fermion. One of the primary attributes of matter, impenetrability,results from the fact that the elec tron, being a fermion, obeys the Pauliexclusion principle. The electron is the lightest of a family of elementary particles, theleptons. The other known charged leptons are the muon and the tau. These threeparticles differ only in mass; they have the same spin, charge, stronginteractions, and weak interactions. In a weak interaction a charged lepton iseither unchanged or changed into and uncharged lepton, that is a neutri no. Inthe latter case, each charged lepton is seen to change only into thecorresponding neutrino. The electron has magnetic properties by virtue of (1) its orbital motionabout the nucleus of its parent atom and (2) its rotation about its own axis. The magnetic properties are best described through the magnetic dipole movementassociated with 1 and 2. The classical analog of the orbital magnetic dipolemoment of a small current-carrying circuit. The electron spin magnetic dipolemoment may be thought of as arising from the circulation of charge, that is, acurrent, about the electron axis; but a classical analog to this moment has muchless meaning than that to the orbital magnetic dipole moment. The magneticmoments of the electrons in the atoms that make up a solid give rise to the bulkmagnetism of the solid. Science
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